Scientific News
A selection of scientific articles on Cardio Pulmonary, Lung Function, Metabolism and Body Composition
Energy expenditure during physical work in cold environments: physiology and performance considerations for military service members
25 November 2024
Effective execution of military missions in cold environments requires highly trained, well-equipped, and operationally ready service members. Understanding the metabolic energetic demands of performing physical work in extreme cold conditions is critical for individual medical readiness of service members. Key characteristics of the cold ope...
The usefulness of a new indirect calorimeter in critically ill adult patients
16 October 2024
Adequate nutrition is of paramount importance in critically ill patients, as it can result in less muscle wasting, decreased length of hospital stay and decreased mortality. Since metabolism, resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional status are changing during the different phases of critical illness, it is difficult to ensure adequat...
How to interpret and apply the results of indirect calorimetry studies: A case-based tutorial
06 September 2024
Evidence is growing that the individual adjustment of energy targets guided by indirect calorimetry (IC) can improve outcome. With the development of a new generation of devices that are easier to use and rapid, it appears important to share knowledge and expertise that may be used to individualize nutrition care. Despite the focus of this tut...
“Under the Bridge”: Looking for Ischemia in a Patient with Intramyocardial Coronary Artery Course - The Role of the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test
12 July 2024
Many variables obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), including O2 uptake (VO2) versus heart rate (HR, O2-pulse) and work rate (VO2/Watt), provide quantitative patterns of responses to exercise when left ventricular dysfunction is an effect of myocardial ischemia (MI). Therefore, CPET offers a unique approach to evaluate exerc...
An evaluation of intensive care nurses' performance of Indirect Calorimetry measurements
04 June 2024
Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard to monitor energy expenditure in critically ill patients. In several intensive care units (ICUs), nurses are responsible for carrying out the measurements. The aim of this study was to assess nurses' perception of their involvement in IC. This was a prospective survey conducted in the surgical IC...
Periodic health evaluation in athletes competing in Tokyo 2020: from SARS-CoV-2 to Olympic medals
27 May 2024
The Tokyo Olympic games were the only games postponed for a year in peacetime, which will be remembered as the COVID-19 Olympics. No data are currently available on the effect on athlete’s performance. The aim of this study is to examine the Italian Olympic athletes who have undergone the return to play (RTP) protocol after COVID-19 and the...
Taking a walk on the heart failure side: comparison of metabolic variables during walking and maximal exertion
20 March 2024
Although cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard to assess exercise capacity, simpler tests (i.e., 6-min walk test, 6MWT) are also commonly used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cardiorespiratory parameters during CPET and 6MWT in a large, multicentre, heterogeneous population. The investi...
Low energy availability reduces myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic muscle protein synthesis in trained females
06 March 2024
Low energy availability (LEA) describes a state where the energy intake is insufficient to cover the energy costs of both exercise energy expenditure and basal physiological body functions. LEA has been associated with various physiological consequences, such as reproductive dysfunction. However, the effect of LEA on skeletal muscle protein ...
The impact of home enteral nutrition planned with the use of indirect calorimetry on the nutritional status and body composition of cancer patients
02 February 2024
Studies show that malnutrition is common among cancer patients, ranging from about 20% to more than 70%. It is known that malnutrition that is not managed properly worsens the course of the disease, prolongs the hospital stay, and impacts the quality of life and treatment toxicities. Malnutrition has many negative effects, therefore indi...
Functional performance recovery after individualized nutrition therapy combined with a patient-tailored physical rehabilitation program versus standard physiotherapy in patients with long COVID: a pilot study
04 January 2024
Long COVID is suggested to be present in 14 to 43% of COVID 19-survivors. Literature on this new condition states a need for a multidisciplinary approach including physical exercise and nutrition. The hypothesis is that an individualized nutritional therapy, combined with individualized physical rehabilitation program may lead to a faster ...
The effect of mild to moderate COVID-19 infection on the cardiorespiratory fitness of firefighters
29 November 2023
An adequate level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is critical for firefighters to perform the strenuous and physiologically demanding work of firefighting safely and effectively. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been shown to negatively impact CRF in both the acute phase and longer-term following infection. This study aimed...
Swimming With the COSMED AquaTrainer and K5 Wearable Metabolic System in Breath-by-Breath Mode: Accuracy, Precision, and Repeatability
09 November 2023
The study aims to compare ventilatory and cardiorespiratory responses between the COSMED Aquatrainer coupled with the K4b2 and K5 wearable metabolic systems in breath-by-breath mode over a wide range of swimming speeds. Swimming with the AquaTrainer coupled with K5 (breath-by-breath mode) yields accurate, precise, and repeatable ventilat...
ESPEN practical and partially revised guideline: clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit
25 October 2023
We would like to focus on the new ESPEN Standard Operating Procedures released on July 2023. The previous 2019 guideline has been shortened and partially revised to provide best medical nutritional therapy to critically ill patients. In the current guideline, the timing, route, dose and composition of nutrition will be discussed and ...
Measuring energy requirements during pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis using indirect calorimetry
25 September 2023
The energy demands of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) vary depending on pancreatic function, body composition, lung function, and clinical status. In clinical practice, predictive equations are used to determine energy requirements yet do not reliably account for these factors. Research regarding energy requirements during CF pulmon...
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in the Detection of Unexplained Post-COVID-19 Dyspnea
20 June 2023
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there have been cases of prolonged symptoms, known as post-acute or chronic COVID-19 (long COVID). Detecting underlying causes of persistent symptoms in these patients can be challenging. In this recent report published in International Heart Journal, authors detail a 39-year-old male with excessive bod...
Energy cost differences between marathon runners and soccer players: constant versus shuttle running
25 May 2023
In the last decades, the energy cost assessment provided new insight on shuttle or constant running as training modalities. The aim of this study was to clarify if marathon runners and soccer players present specific energy cost values related to their training experience performing constant and shuttle running. There is growing evi...
Energy Guidance Using Indirect Calorimetry for Intestinal Failure Patients with Home Parenteral Nutrition: The Right Bag Right at the Start
26 April 2023
Intestinal failure is defined as the inability to absorb the minimum of macro and micronutrients, minerals and vitamins due to a reduction in gut function. In a subpopulation of patients with a dysfunctional gastrointestinal system, treatment with total or supplemental parenteral nutrition is required. The golden standard for the determ...
How do guideline recommended energy targets compare with measured energy expenditure in critically ill adults with obesity: a systematic literature review
06 April 2023
Critically ill patients with obesity have unique and complex nutritional needs, with clinical practice guidelines conflicting regarding recommended energy targets. The aim of this systematic review was to describe measured resting energy expenditure (mREE) reported in the literature and compare mREE to predicted energy target...
Indirect calorimetry: should it be part of routine care or only used in specific situations?
01 March 2023
Indirect calorimetry is increasingly recommended to guide energy delivery in the ICU. This review aims to provide a critical overview of current literature in support of these recommendations. There is insufficient evidence to ascertain a mortality benefit from indirect calorimetry-guided energy delivery. However, large variation...
The efficacy of calorimetry-based nutritional support versus Recommended Dietary Intake-based nutritional support in the successful weaning of chronically ventilated patients: A study protocol for a double blind randomized controlled trial
06 February 2023
Mechanically ventilated patients are weaned during acute care hospitalization when it is determined that they are ready for withdrawal. If weaning fails, patients are admitted to a rehabilitation medical center for continued supportive care and additional weaning attempts. This study's objective is to increase the success rate of...
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