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Scientific News

A selection of scientific articles on Cardio Pulmonary, Lung Function, Metabolism and Body Composition

The correlation of respiratory muscle strength and cough capacity in stroke patients

14 March 2017
A study on the Journal of Physical Therapy Science investigates how inspiratory and expiratory training can improve cough capacity in stroke patients, which can reduce pulmonary complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between respiratory muscle strength improvement through respiratory training and cough capacit…
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CORP: Measurement of the Maximum Oxygen Uptake (VO2max): VO2peak is no longer acceptable

10 March 2017
A new paper on the Journal of Applied Physiology examines the so-called secondary criteria used to validate VO2max iin particular with exercise naïve, unmotivated and/or clinical populations. This article is part of the new Cores of Reproducibility in Physiology (CORP), an American Physiology Society(APS)-wide initiative responsive to a growing c…
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The physiological basis and clinical significance of lung volume measurements

17 February 2017
A useful scientific review has been published in the Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine Journal describing how different physiological/pathological conditions can affect static lung volumes measurement. This review intends to update the reader with the physiological basis, clinical significance and interpretative approaches of the standard st…
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Resting energy expenditure in the risk assessment of anticancer treatments

17 February 2017
This study, published in the Clinical Nutrition Journal, tries to show how abnormal basal energy metabolism can be associated with higher risk in anticancer treatments (like chemotherapy). Alterations of nutritional and performance status (PS) are associated with higher risk of chemotherapy toxicity. Increased resting energy expenditure (REE) is…
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Body Composition Trajectories From Infancy to Preschool in Children Born Premature Versus Full-Term

10 February 2017
The Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition hosts a study analyzing the body composition trajectories from birth to preschool age. The aim of the study was to longitudinally characterize infancy to preschool body composition trajectories and the association of early fat and fat-free mass gains with preschool age body composition in ch…
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Harris-Benedict Equation and Resting Energy Expenditure Estimates in Critically Ill Ventilator Patients

09 February 2017
A new study on the American Journal of Critical Care demonstrates the limited reliability of the Harris Benedict Equation as a substitute to indirect calorimetry in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. This observational transversal study (sample comprised 205 patients) compared REEIC (measured with indirect calorimetry) wit…
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Pediatric Exercise Testing: Value and Implications of Peak Oxygen Uptake

30 January 2017
A new essay published on Children Jornal highlights the clinical relevance of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Much of what is known about exercise physiology has been derived from studies done in adults, yet every pediatrician knows that lessons learned from research in adults do not necessarily apply to children or even to adolescents. There i…
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Caloric Requirements of Patients With Brain Impairment and Cerebral Palsy Who Are Dependent on Chronic Ventilation

20 January 2017
A new study on the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition has been published showing the importance of indirect calorimetry measurements to accurately indicate the true caloric requirements of patients suffering from severe brain damage and requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of this present study was to determine the true caloric…
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Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a better outcome predictor than exercise echocardiography in asymptomatic aortic stenosis

20 January 2017
The International Journal of Cardiology hosts a paper confirming the validity of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing on patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis. The assessment of maximal aerobic capacity using peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) can be helpful in the management of patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). This study explore…
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2017 ERS/ATS standards for single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung

20 January 2017
ATS/ERS published on the European Respiratory Journal an update to the 2005 technical standards for single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. A joint taskforce appointed by the ERS and ATS reviewed the recent literature on the measurement of DLCO and surveyed the current technical capabilities of instrumentation being manufactured around…
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Within and between-day reliability of energetic cost measures during treadmill walking

29 December 2016
This study published in Cogent Engineering Journal analyses the capacity of COSMED K4b2 portable metabolic system in detecting small physiologic changes within a day on healthy adults. The efficacy of assistive devices used during walking is often measured as a reduction in metabolic cost. Metabolic cost is typically assessed within a day or on m…
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A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing cardiopulmonary exercise test values obtained from the arm cycle and the leg cycle respectively in healthy adults

28 December 2016
This new paper reviews results of previous studies in comparing cardio pulmonary exercise test results achieved by arm cycle ergometer (AC) and to leg cycle ergometer (LC) Despite most of the CPET tests are performed using a treadmill or a leg cycle ergometer, due to disability, co-morbidity, preference or athletic discipline there is a need to i…
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Energy metabolism and nutritional status in hospitalized patients with lung cancer

21 December 2016
A new study on the Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition examines the importance of monitoring energy metabolism in lung cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the energy metabolism of patients with lung cancer and the relationship between energy metabolism and proinflammatory cytokines. The resting energy expenditure and resp…
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Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

21 December 2016
The prognostic value of CPET in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy (iDCM) patients has been studies in a recent paper published in the International Journal of Cardiology. Although cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is considered as an important tool in risk stratification of patients with heart failure (HF), prognostic data in the specific s…
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Assessment of human energy exchange: historical overview

13 December 2016
A recent paper on the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition provides a conceptual historical framework for examining the evolution of energy exchange concepts and measurement methods. Energy exchange is fundamental to life and is a cornerstone in the study of human physiology, metabolism and nutrition. A global effort is underway to further our…
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Airflow obstruction: is it asthma or is it COPD?

13 December 2016
An interesting study in the International Journal Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease traces the difficulties to differentiate asthma from COPD. Despite the availability of guideline recommendations, diagnostic confusion between COPD and asthma appears common, and often it is very difficult in a patient with airway obstruction to decide whether…
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Indirect calorimetry: an indispensable tool to understand and predict obesity

01 December 2016
The European Journal of Clinical Nutrition hosts a new study, which summarizes recent research on the importance of indirect calorimetry in predicting weight gain and obesity. The study reviewed data from indirect calorimetry key metabolic predictors (resting metabolic rate, spontaneous physical activity and respiratory quotient) to gain insights…
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Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital Sign

01 December 2016
A new statement by the American Heart Association has been recently published suggesting the addition of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) for risk classification in patient management and to encourage strategies designed to reduce cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this statement was to review current knowledge related to the association between…
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New body composition reference charts for preterm infants

09 November 2016
An extremely important study has been published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition providing body composition reference curves for preterm infants. The objective of this study was to create ADP-based body composition reference curves for preterm infants that approximate, as close as is feasible in live-born infants near birth, the body…
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Influence of different dialysis modalities in the measurement of resting energy expenditure in patients with acute kidney injury in ICU

20 October 2016
A new prospective cohort study published on ESPEN's Clinical Nutrition Journal evaluated the role and the feasibility of indirect calorimetry (IC) among patients admitted in intensive care units with diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI). A key issue on these patients is that general recommendations suggest to not perform IC during dialysis, but…
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