Scientific News
A selection of scientific articles on Cardio Pulmonary, Lung Function, Metabolism and Body Composition
‘‘Use of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to Evaluate Long COVID-19 Symptoms in Adults. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis’’
26 October 2022
Is exercise capacity reduced more than 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection among those with long COVID-19 (LC) symptoms compared with recovered individuals without symptoms, and what patterns of limitations on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) are common? In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 38 studies comprising 2160 pa...
Oxygen Uptake Measurements and Rate of Perceived Exertion During a Marathon
05 July 2022
Although the marathon race has been democratized, it remains complex due to the famous “hitting the wall” phenomenon after the 25th km. To characterize this “wall” from a physiological and Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) perspective in recreational marathon runners, we report first continuous breath-by-breath gas exchange measurements dur...
Routine use of indirect calorimetry in critically ill patients: pros and cons
10 May 2022
In this new review, the authors identify the pros and cons of Indirect Calorimetry (IC) to estimate Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) and define individual nutritional energy targets among critically ill patients. Indirect Calorimetry (IC) is a monitoring tool that provides factual information on metabolism. There is significant evidenc...
Metabolically efficient walking assistance using optimized timed forces at the waist
25 March 2022
University of Nebraska at Omaha - Department of Biomechanics - relied on COSMED K5 to measure the metabolic cost of walking with a robotic waist tether. The metabolic rate during walking can be minimized by providing assistance at the waist of individuals undergoing physical therapy. By focusing on the center of mass of an individual, th...
Incidence and affecting factors of pulmonary diffusing capacity impairment with COVID-19 survivors 18 months after discharge in Wuhan, China
12 January 2022
Studies have showed that long-term sequelae from COVID-19 may affect human respiratory system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, immune system etc. with a negative impact on the patients’ mental health, well-being and quality of life, but the lungs are the organ most likely to sustain serious impairment from COVID-19. The convalescen...
Pulmonary function and COVID-19
16 November 2021
A novel study was published on Current Opinion in Physiology to summarise the impact of COVID-19 infection on pulmonary function and to relate this to disease severity and to the clinico-radiological outcomes. In agreement with the findings of the respiratory community concerning the physiological assessment in patients following COVID-19 inf...
Energy expenditure and indirect calorimetry in critical illness and convalescence: current evidence and practical considerations
16 November 2021
Energy expenditure appears highly variable among critically ill patients and in individual patients during various phases of illness. As a consequence, critically ill patients are at considerable risk of under- or overfeeding during ICU and post-ICU hospital stay, when rough and static estimates are used. The most recent international guidelines...
Energy expenditure and feeding practices and tolerance during the acute and late phase of critically ill COVID-19 patients
16 November 2021
Different metabolic phases can be distinguished in critical illness, which influences nutritional treatment. Achieving optimal nutritional treatment during these phases in critically ill patients is challenging. The aim of this observational study is to describe measured resting energy expenditure (mREE) and feeding practices and tolerance duri...
The effect of indirect calorimetry guided isocaloric nutrition on mortality in critically ill patients—a systematic review and meta-analysis
15 November 2021
Indirect calorimetry (IC)-guided nutrition might positively affect the clinical outcome of critically ill patients. The objective of this study is to assess the benefit of isocaloric nutrition guided by IC, compared to hypocaloric nutrition, for critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). This systematic review and meta-a...
Energy requirements of long-term ventilated COVID-19 patients with resolved SARS-CoV-2 infection
15 November 2021
COVID-19 can rapidly progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome accompanied by multi-organ failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and critical care treatment. Nutritional therapy is a fundamental pillar in the management of hospitalized patients. It is broadly acknowledged that overfeeding and underfeeding of intensive care un...
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in COVID-19 patients at 3 months follow-up
15 November 2021
Long-term effects of COVID-19 are of utmost relevance. This study aims to determine the functional capacity of COVID-19 survivors by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), the characteristics associated with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) performance and the safety and tolerability of CPET. COSMED system (Quark CPET, COSMED, Rome, It...
Nutritional management of individuals with obesity and COVID-19: ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance
15 November 2021
Among other important risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes, obesity has emerged along with undernutrition-malnutrition as a strong predictor of disease risk and severity. Obesity-related excessive body fat may lead to respiratory, metabolic and immune derangements potentially favouring the onset of COVID-19 complications. Early after the o...
Prolonged progressive hypermetabolism during COVID-19 hospitalization undetected by common predictive energy equations
06 August 2021
Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold-standard for determining measured resting energy expenditure (mREE) in critical illness. When IC is not available, predicted resting energy expenditure (pREE) equations are commonly utilized, which often inaccurately predict metabolic demands leading to over- or under-feeding. This study aims to longitudina...
Association between body composition at term equivalent age and Bayley scores at 2 years in preterm infants
24 May 2021
Premature infants often undergo postnatal growth failure and show an altered body composition (BC) at termequivalent age (TEA) with lower fat-free mass (FFM) and increased fat mass (FM) than infants born at term. Early nutrition and growth may impact brain growth. Nevertheless, the evidence relating BC and later neurodevelopment remains sparse....
Indirect calorimetry in critical illness a new standard of care?
20 May 2021
Critical illness demands objective, targeted nutritional therapy to prevent adverse effects of underfeeding/ over feeding. Thus, all recent societal guidelines recommend indirect calorimetry use to determine energy needs. Current commercially available indirect calorimeters are often inaccurate, and the inconveniences have led to significant ch...
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing during the COVID-19 pandemic
06 May 2021
The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has presented a global public health emergency. Although predominantly a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, corona virus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) results in multi-organ damage that impairs cardiopulmonary function and reduces cardiorespir...
Infant body composition assessment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using air displacement plethysmography: strategies for implementation into clinical workflow
04 May 2021
Body composition is a sensitive marker of infants’ intra- and extrauterine growth quality that can influence short- and long-term outcomes; including retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), metabolic health, cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Low body fat percentage at birth in small and appropriate for gestat...
Point-Counterpoint: Indirect Calorimetry Is Essential for Optimal Nutrition Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit
29 April 2021
A major driver leading to the lack of emphasis on timely ICU nutrition delivery is lack of objective data to guide nutrition care. If we are to ultimately overcome current fundamental challenges to effective ICU nutrition delivery, we must all adopt routine objective, longitudinal measurement of energy targets via indirect calorimetry (IC). Key...
European Respiratory Society clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5–16 years
28 April 2021
A task force supported by the European Respiratory Society has recently developed the first evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5 to 16 years. Nine PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome) questions were used. The task force then developed a diagnostic algorithm based on th...
The Role of Nutrition in the COVID-19 Pandemic
31 March 2021
The current review aims to summarize the complex relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and nutritional status and the effects of malnutrition in terms of disease severity, patients’ recovery time, incidence of complications and mortality rate. In COVID-19, this relationship has shown to be crucial across the disease phases, particularly in ...
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