The present guideline is an update and extension of the previous ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) in adult critically ill patients published in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Since then, the ESPEN methodology has been upgraded resulting in rigorous evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations. The bes...

A new key paper on Clinical Nutrition focused on the decisive role of Indirect calorimetry (IC) in clinical settings. IC has been long recognized as the gold standard for assessing basal or resting energy expenditure (REE) and determining energy requirement is a fundamental of nutrition support, particularly in the situation where adjustment of...

This observational cohort study over two 3 months periods aims to observe the impact of reduced recommended energy targets and the absence of ICU dietitians on nutrient prescription and clinical outcome. The most important result is that a reduction in energy target in ICU resulted in a predictable but unnoticed reduction of protein delivery. I...

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is the gold standard method for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); Although CPX prognostic value has been firmly established in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal disease patients, it is less established in apparently healthy adults. This study, published by the Journal of the American ...

This Concise Clinical Review published on the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine examines the problem and the prevalence of under-diagnosis and over-diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD is regarded as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across the world, yet its proper diagnosis remai...

Kenyan runner Eliud Kipchoge made history on September 16, by winning the Berlin Marathon in 2 hours 1 minute 39 seconds, confirming that is one of the best runner of the modern era. The Olympic champion broke the record set by fellow Kenyan Dennis Kimetto in 2014 by 1 minute and 18 seconds. After the race, Kipchoge, who also won in 2016 and 2...

The role and the value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in cardiology has been examined in this review study on the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. This study discusses the modern key applications of CPET in CV diseases, with primary emphasis on HF, "starting from the principles that precipitate reduced exercise perform...

A new study on the Neonatology Journal shows the relationship netween body composition at birth and in early childhood with risk for cognitive deficits. This scientific paper aim is to test the hypothesis that cognitive function, particularly memory and executive function, are associated with fat-free body mass accretion in preterm and not full...

The Journal of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology focused on the multi-breath nitrogen washout test and its most important applications in Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The clinical properties of the Nitrogen Multi-breath washout test, which is a lung function test that measures ventilation inhomogeneity, a biomarker of small airwa...

This review focuses on why indirect calorimetry should be used in clinical practice of critical care medicine and which are the benefits of using indirect calorimetry and which are the disadvantages of using predictive equation. Considering that "The energy prescription in critically ill patients requires precision and accuracy to avoid the del...

A scientific review was made in the American Heart Journal examining 5 major gas exchange variables from CPET in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and its most commonly used ventilatory gas exchange variables for the purpose...

This new paper analyzes in detail the effectiveness of the Army Wellness Center (AWC) model as a health promotion program for US military. The Army Wellness Center (AWC) model was designed to deliver individual- and group-based health education services that promote and sustain healthy lifestyles and improve overall well-being among Army commun...

A recent study presented new reference values for peak oxygen uptake for cycle ergometry-based cardiopulmonary exercise test. The goal of the present analysis was to generate sex-specific and age-specific reference values for cycle ergometry-based V̇ O2peak, based on a sample of more than 10000 participants from primary preventive healthcare ch...

A new study on Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (MSSE) Journal provides updated reference values for CPET that are independent of sex and body size. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is an essential tool to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children. There is a paucity of adequate pediatric reference values that are...

A new key paper on the Journal of Pediatrics focuses on the importance of body composition measurement in preterm infants in order to assess neurological outcome at 2 years of age. Monitoring not only weight gain but the quality of growth during hospitalization along with assessment of body composition has become more common among neonatologist...

The verification phase of the VO2max assessment has been investigated in this paper published on the Sports Medicine - Open Journal. Commonly performed during an incremental test to exhaustion, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) assessment has become a recurring practice in clinical and experimental settings. To validate the test, several criteria...

A new review on the Current Opinion on Cardiiology Journal addresses the clinical approach to utilize CPET in the evaluation and management of coronary artery disease (CAD). There is growing clinical interest for the use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate patients with or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). With mountin...

The American Thoracic Society committee on Proficiency Standards for Pulmonary Function Laboratories has recognized the need for a standardized reporting format for pulmonary function tests. Although prior documents have offered guidance on the reporting of test data, there is considerable variability in how these results are presented to end u...

A new study on Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (MSSE) Journal investigates the repeatability of CPET parameters in normal healthy subjects. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has many important clinical and research applications. Defining repeatability of CPET measurements is important when determining a response to a thera...

A new study on Pediatric Research Journal focuses on body composition at birth and its relationship with neonatal anthropometric ratios. This study objective is to describe newborn body composition and identify which anthropometric ratio (weight/length; BMI; or ponderal index, PI) best predicts fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). The availa...